Engine-starter.



No. 367-796.. PETEEELED ocf'1' .s,v19o. E

- 4c. J. coLEMAN, f

` ENGINE STARTER. A?P LIOTION FILED N0v|12| 1906.

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' l y 51am/nmz' 3513 ,GMM/mm3 PATETED 0011. s, 1907.

.0. J. GOLEMAN. A,msnm STARTER.

.PPLIOATION FILED 110V. 12. 1906.

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E @Mvg/muro@ 0. J. COLEMAN'.

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nruoulon Hun nov; 12. noe.,v

I,nllllll "HHH III @X24/Medea l'P Mmrirm) 06T. a'. 1907;

CLYDE J, COLEMAN, F NEW YORK,v N.

Y., AssIeNoR To CONRAD HUBERT, oF

NEW- YORK, -N. Y.

ENGINE-STARTER.

tan, in the county of New York and State of New York,

have invented certain-new yand useful Improvements inl Engine-Starters, of which-the following is a specification, reference being had' therein to the accompanying drawings, 'forming a part thereof.

combustion engines such asare used on automobiles `My invention relates generally to starting devicesfor non-self-starting "engines, more particularly internal or other motor vehicles, and has for its objects large ca' pactyand great power combined within a small com pass,A adaptability to various styles of engines and vehicles, durability, simplicity of construction, and relia- .bility of operation.

` lOther objectsand Aadvantageswill appearfrom the following description. l

'My invention includes means continuously operating while the engine is running 'to store Vpower in a hydraulic power storing device at a relatively constantandless rate than power is used from the power storing device during an engine starting operation'.

invention also includes a power or pressure reserl voir for containing liquid underair pressure. a motor operatively connected to the engine' shaft for rotating the shaft and 4starting the engine, a directional clutch -bcing interposed between the engine shaft and the motor, thus permitting. the engine shaft to rotate indepondeutly of the motorafter theengine has been started, manually operatablc supply val-ve for admitting the liquid from the pressure reservoir to the motor, a receptacle im' .receiving thecxhaust liquid from the'inotor,

and a c(mtinuously-acting pump driven by a moving part of the engine, for returning the liquid from the receptacle to the pressure reservoir.

My invention also includes means, automatically opj erated by the engine, for forcing air into the pressure reservoir, thus keeping up the stored power by mainprovided for the liqid and leading tothe res\.-rvoir,'

taining the air pressure in the reservoir at a maximum,

the pressure reservoir being provided with a blow-off valve, to prevent the pressure therein from rising above the maximum, the pressure reservoir also being provided with an automatically closing valve, so as to al- 'ways retain enough liquid in the pressure reservoir to form a seal and prevent the escape of the-compressed air through the service outlet provided for the liquid.

My invention also includes means operative when the pump cylinder and the passages thcrebeneath have become filled with'air, owing to all of' the accessible liquid having-been taken out of the receptacle, tn lfirst remove such air'by an outlet independent from'that when liquid is present in the receptacle, such means comprising an arrangement of valves which. permits Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed November 1'2, 190B. Serial No. 842,999.

Patented ost. s, 71907.

the passage of air outward from the pumpl cylinder while preventing such' passage of liquid.l

My invention v.also includes means for starting the engine directlyA with a crank, in the ordinary manner, and also, by a separate operation, recharging the pressure reservoir with liquid by the use of the same crank. The embodiment of my invention illustrated will now be'described by reference to the accompanying drawings, after which I. will point out my invention in claims. y

Figure 1 is a partial central horizontal' section of the motor andpump andadjacent parts. Fig. represents Va crank for applying directly to the engine shaft or to the pump, through thecentral aperture, Ashown in Fig. 1, in the casing. Fig.-3 illustrates a screw-cap for closing the central aperture in the casing. Fig.l4 shows the motor and pump in elevation, 'a portion of the casing being brokenaway. Fig. 5 is a plan view, on a greatly" reduced scale, of the complete devicey attached to a motor vehicle, for starting the engine thereof. Fig. 6 is a substantially-full sized vertical central section of the rpressure reservoir, showing also the manually operatable supply valve and Iits operating lever. Fig. 7 is an enlarged iront elevation of the motor and of the 'clutch by which the motor is coupled to the engine shaft, certain parts being broken 4away and certain other parts removed. Fig. 8 is a sectional plan about on the line :r-xof Fig. 7. Fig.' 9 is a vertical section about on the line y-Jy of Fig. 7 as viewed from the right. Fig. 10 shbws one of the motor vanes as viewed from the outer en d. Fig. 11 isa side view of one oi the vane's o the motor, showing the side to which the working pressure is applied. Fig. 12 is 'a viewof the inner end ofA one oi the motor vanes. Fig. 13 is an enlarged partial vertical section of the pump and the means by whichit is operated. Fig. 14-is an end elevation of the same as viewed from the rightof Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a section on the. line z--z of Fig. 13 and showsthe manner of arrangement of the stems and guides of the liquid-outlet and air-inlet valves.

the engine is supplied -by having a suitable liquid, such as-oil, confined in a reservoir under the lpressure of compressed air contained4 in the reservoir above the level of the liquid, the liquid from the reservoir being supplied, through a manually operatable valve, to a l motor which is connected by a clutch to the shaft of the engine, the clutch automatically disengaging from the motor when the engine shaft is driven by the engine itself, and there being a continuously-acting pump, driven by the engine, for returning the usedl liquid back to the pressurereservoir, and means'also being providedl for keeping up the air pressurev within the -pre'ssure reservoir. l l l In the drawings, the 'reservoir 1'-, for containing the oil" In the device of this invention thepower for starting los or other suitable motiv'eliquid and also containing the compressed air'within which the power is stored for impellin'g the liquid, is shown in Fig. 5 as secured to ythe side frame of'a vmotor vehicle. A pressuresupply 1-pipe 2 leads from the pressure reservoir 1 to the motor within the casing' at thefront of the vehicle, and a return'lpipeA leads from the pump within thel casing back to the pressure reservoir, these pipesforming conduits for the motive liquid shown as containedin the reservoir. The pipe 2fconnects respectively the liquid I 'outlet 5 ofthe reservoir with thein'let port 6 of the motor', and the pipev 4 connects respectively the dis-- charge outlet 7 of the pump with the inlet 8 of the reservoir. I he motive liquid is normally prevented from escaping from the reservoiriby reason of the valve 9, working in the'valve chamber l0` and. seating uponthe valve seat 11. The stem r12I of the valve 9 passes out lthrough a packing gland 13 and is connectedby a pin 14 with a manual lever 15 pivoted at 16 to a bracket 17,.

the valve-being normallyfheld upon its seat by a strong retractile spring 18, shown as connected to the lever at one end and its other end to the reservoir by a band 19 having a lug 20. To secure a firm and close seating of starting, after which the lever is released andthe valve "iis closed by the action of the spring 18. When the L valve` 9 is open the motive liquid l is forced from the reservoir 1 through the outlet 5 and supply conduit 3 to the motor for starting the engine, which motor will nowv be described. However, it may first be noted that while the the starting motor is at the iront of the vehicle,

` the pressure reservoir may be be located at any otherl suitablev point, and also that the operating lever l5 may likewise be located at any pointfoundmost convenient for'manipulation, either contiguous to the pressure reservoir, as shown, or at some other point.

.The motor is shown as'eomprising a rotary piston 22 rotatably mounted upon a clutch member 23 fixed, as by a"key 25, upon the engine shaft 24. The clutch member 23 has spurs or teeth 26, each having a radial side and a` inclined. side, gripping rollers 27 being located between thel teeth. The gripping rollers l27 are yshown as restrained against accidental lateral displacement and loss, by side plates 44, shown as attached to the member 23 by screws 45 entering holes 46. In Fig. 7 these plates 44 are removed, but may be secn in Fig. 9. The rotary piston itself forms thc other clutch member, the rollers 27 acting in a well known manner to grip the piston 22 and'thus lock thc two clutch members vtogether against relative rotary movement in one direction, while freely permittingsuch movement in the opposite direction.

From the above it is apparent that when the piston -22 is rotated in a clockwise direction, as seen in Figs. 4 and 7, itvgill rotate the shaft 24 along with it, but that if the sha-ft 24 be independently rotated in the same direction tbe-piston 22 will not be rotated therewith.

The piston 22 is provided with radial pressure-receiving vanes 28 sliding radially in slots 29 in the rotary piston 22. The vanes28are prevented from escaping limited by screw pins 30 whose heads; 'at the outer limit of movement ofthe vanes, engage with shoulders 31, in grooves 32, the screws or pins 30 also forming guides for the'vanes 28 and preventing their lateral displacement relatively to the piston 22. The vanes 28are normallyK held at their outward limit of radial .movement by springs 33 seated in sockets 34 in the vanos and reacting against the bottom of the slots 29. To permit of the vanes 28 being acted upon by the motive liquid, a partialicasing or housing is provided,`comprising side,

plates 35 extending at the sides of thefpiston 22 to bclow the bottoms of theslots 29 and covering, as shown, about one-fourthof the circumference of the rotary piston. The housing comprises.; also a circumferential block 36, shown as clamped between the blocks 35 by bolts 37 To push the vanos 28 radially inwardagains't the downward tension of the springs 33, the block is provided with an inclined nose 38, and to thus hold the vanes inward and to prevent leakage of the motive liquid the block has a curved suraceat 39 conforming to the circumference of the rotary piston 22 and 'of a circumferential length not less than the distance between two of the vanes' 28. To permit of the vanes 28 being acted upon by the motive fiuid the block 36 is provided,

' forwardly from the curved surface 39', with a second curved surface 40 conforming to the circular path of the outer ends of the vanos 28 when the vanes arc in their projected 'or extended phase, and -of a length not less,

than-the distance between two vanes, thus always Yfromtlie slots 29and the radial movement therein'is presenting a sealed condition of the passage between y the two plates 35 and between the surface 40 and the circumference of the piston 22. The block36 is also l provided, intermediately of the curved surfaces 39 and 40, with a radially inclined` surface 41 joining the two curved surfaces 39 and 40 and providing a gradual incli ne down which the venes 28 may travel as they move from retracted to extended positions. The inlet port (i, for the motive liquid, pierces the block 36 and opens on the inclined surface 4l, the surface 41 thus forming nu abutment against which the motive liquid reacts to drive the vanos 28 along the passage which is upwardly bounded by the surface 40, thus causing thc piston 22 to rotate. 'lo produce a balanced condition of the vanos 28, they. are provided on the rear fau-o with grooves 42 which allow the motivo liquid lo pass into the slots 29.-beneath the vanos. ln order thnl. this hnlanced condition of the vanos shall exist nt the linnwhen they should begin their radially outward movement, notches 43 are provided in the surfncc 4l, thc notches 43 registering with the grooves 42 :rnd admitting motive liquid thereto prior to the beginning,r el the travel of the venes along thc sul-luce lll. thus insuring that the vanos will not ln.` thrown suddenly outward against the surface 40.

From the above it is apparent that when the motivo liquid is admitted through the port (i, hy the zu-tnnl ion of the lever l5, the motor, as illustrated, will hc rotated in a clockwise direction, and, by reason of thc inlcrposed clutch, will rotate the s'hnft 24, and thus sl-.nt the engine. It is also apparent that when thc cugino is started the clutch will become disengaged or oper-.r-

tively disconnected as soon as'the engine speeds ahead oi the motor. As soon as the engine starts the lever 15 may be released thus shutting off the supply of motive liquid' from vthe motor and stopping the motor, the eny of the motor the 'engine shaft is preferably provided with exible couplings 48 and 49, as shown'in Fig'. 5.` The engine shaft 24 has a bearing 50 in the cross-piece,

47 and the clutch member 23 has 'an integral sleeve 51' which has a bearing ina bar forming a part of the frame for the m'otor.

The casing 3 is attached to a back plate 53, Ias by screws 54, a gasket being interposed between the casing 3 and the plate 53 to make a liquid-tight joint. Leakage is prevented around the bearing 50 by a clamping nut 56, shown as screwed thereupon. The casing 3 is provided with a central aperture 57, iorwhicli isl provided a liquid-tight screw-cap 58: From the above it 'is apparent that the motor is in closed within a liquidtght receptacle or casing. When the motive liquid or exhaust is discharged from the motor it is received within this casing wh ich surrounds the motor, and which" thus constitutes the receptacle or receiving tank for such exhaust liquid, the motor when in operation,

'freely rotating in this contained liquid, It should be understood that this casing that forms the receiving' tank is not hermetically sealed,A the exhaustliquid therein being only under atmospheric pressure.-

In the foregoing it has been shown how the engine would be started, it having been assumed that the reservoir l contains a 4motive liquid .under pressure of a confined elastic fin id such as air.' That part of the mechanism for returning the motiveliquid, after it has been used in the motor, to the pressure reservoir, and'ior keeping up the pressure in the pressure reserfoir, will now be described.

The motive liquid Vis taken up out of the receiver and returned to the pressure'reservoir 'by a continuouslyacting pump comprising'a vertically disposed cylinder 59y and a reciprocatingplunger 60. The cylinder for' the pump .is supported in :i iixed position by screws (il passing through holes 62 andlattaching it to thepart of the motor frame 52. Whenever the engine is ruiming the plunger will be continuously reciprocated by reason oi-a leverafiJ` shown as connected thereto by' al pivot-pin 64, the lever 63 having aiulcrum-pin 65 vcarricd by arms 66, shown as integralextensions from the pump-cylinder 59. The lever 63 is actuated in one dii rection` correspondlng to the working stroke of the friction Aroller GSL The lever 63 is actuated in' ils oppo site direction oi movement, corresponding to the sncf tion 4stroke of the piston or plunger, by acoiled spring.

69, acting betweenithe lever .and one of the supporting arms 66. V The cam 67 is driven by the shaft 24 through the medium of-ratchet teeth-70 on the cam and which engage with ratchet teeth 71'on the end of the sleeve of the clutch member 23, these coacting ratchet-teeth being held in'engagement by a spring -72 coiled about theshaft 24 and held under compression by a pin 73 so as to press upon the side of the cam opposite to the ratchet-teeth. The purpose of this ratchet connection 'of the cam 70 vwith the shaft 24 will be described pres-l f' ently, it/ only being necessary at this time, to takenote that the cam 67' is positively driven in a forward, or, as shown, clockwise direction bythe engine shaft 24.;

The pump lcylinder 59,119.5 at its bottom an inlet opening 74 and also has at its lowerpart a laterally extending and upwardly turned conduit 7 forming, a discharge or outlet opening.' The inlet 74 isshown as provided with an ordinary check-valve 75 held in placeby a-pin 7 6. A suction-pipe 77 connects with the inlet 74 and extends to a point near the'lowest part of the exhaustreceptacle or receiving tank formed within. the casingfi. The upwardly turned portion of the outlet 7 is connected to the discharge or return pipe 4. It is provided with' alift or check valve 78 which, toA guard against. leakage, under high pressure, is seated upon a ring 79 lof suitable material, such as'celluloid,

The pump isof much smaller capacity 'than the l ata constant rate relatively to the specd'of the engine.v

When the motive liquid or starting liquid has been all so returned the pump will operate idly until a quantity' of such liquid is again discharged into the casing or receiving tank 3 by the starting motor in another en'- gine starting operation.

The pump mechanism thus far described will serve I for the return of the used motive'liquid from the receiving tank back to the pressure reservoir, but in practice it is. found necessary also to provide some means by which the air in the reservoir may be kept at sufficient pressure.' Without -such provision -bcing made the pressure of such confined air might decrease, by reason ,I for example, of its being rst absorbed by the motive liquid and later released to the atmosphere, The pump, therefore, is adapted to replenish the air within the pressure reservoir, as. well as to return the uscd -motive liquid thereto. This'part of .the i'nccha'nism will now be described.

At each working stroke of the plunger 60 a small. quantity of air is caused to be forced into the delivery pipe 4, by first introducing this air within thc upturncd portion of the pump outlet 7 at a point just beneath the back-pressure or discharge valvc 76. The moans for introducing air beneath tlievalve 7 8 con'iprisc a short pi pc or air-conduit 8() extending from the outside of. the pun1poutlet 7 to a point'thercin just beneath tho yalvo 78, and an air-inlet valve .8l opening inwardly and seated upon the inner end of tbc tuinI 80, and having a stem 82 'extending out through thc air-inlet tube 80,.

The main outlet-valve 78 has a downwardly extending sleeve 83 surrounding the tube 80 and provided with ribs 118, and has just under the valve 78 air apertures 119 and forms a guide for the valve 78, while providing ample space between the ribs 118 for the reception of the air which is to b e introduced .through the tube 80 y and its valve 81'."'?`The space surrounding the hollow stern or sleeve 83 must .be of limited capacity, so as to eontainonly the limited amount of air which it is d'esired shall be forced through the valve 78. If the capacity beneath the valve 78 were too great this space.l

i might become filled with air which, on account of'its large quantity, would not develop a suliicient pressure from a,` working stroke of the plunger to open the valve 78. Thestem 82 ofthe valve 81 is shown as having ailuted construction where it passes through the tube '80, Athis being for the purpose of allowing free ingress of air. around the 'valve-stern. The valve 81' is normally heldwith a certain pressure upon its seat by a spring 84 coiled about the :valve-stem 82 and expansively acting between the outer end of the' tube 80 and a pin 85 carried by the valve-stem; The spring 84 holds the valve 81 upon its seat with sufficient pressure so that the valve will not be opened by the suction stroke of the piston 60 in sucking up the motivesl-iquid through the inlet-valve 75.4 4It is apparent, however, that if the valve 81 should be held open during any portion of the suction stroke of the piston 60 that air would enter therethrough and accumulate beneath the valve 78. Accordingly, means are provided 'for holding the valve 81 open during the last part of the suction stroke of the pump-'plunger 60. Suchmeans comprise' a lever 86 pivoted at 87 to the lugs 88 at the lower end of the pump-cylinder and arranged to engage -at one of its ends beneath the valve stem 82 and at its other end to be engaged, through the medium of an anti-friction roller 89, by a earner projection' 90, shown as carried by and integral with the pump-operating cam 67. The

cam 90 is ot' the proper length, and the cams 67 and 90 are so timed or placed in reference to each other that the cam 90 will act upon thelever 86 only during the last portion of the suction stroke of the pun'ip-pluuger 60 and shown as corresponding to about one-fourth of the full vstroke of the pump-plunger, the air-inlet valve.

Slat all other times remaining closed. The lever 86 is prevented irompressing by its weight upon the valvey stein 82 and is returned after being acted upon by the cam 90 by a spring 91, and has its returnmovement limited by a projection 92 which comes in contactA with the 'lower end of the pump-cylinder'. When air is thus introduced beneath the valve 78 it will be compressed by the downward or working stroke oi the piston 60' and forced with the liquid from the cylinder 59 through the valve 78 against the pressure from the pressurereservoir into the pipe 4 and thus carried with the reengine is running, it is apparent that as soon as all of the liquid from the receiver has been taken up and returned to the reservior, that thepump cylinder 59 will become filled with air taken up through the pipe 77 and inletvalve 75. l this accumulated air `be leit to` remain within the cylinder 59 and in the passage 7 at a time when there is again liquid in the'receiver to be returned to the reservoir, it is evident that such entrapped air would act as a cushion for the plunger 60 and would yield to suchan extent that it could not be forced out through the outlet-valve 78 by the piston on its working stroke, and the result would bethat i novliquid would be delivered by the pump, It follows from this that some means must be provided for first removing or voiding this air from the pump cylinder. To this end an arrangement of valves is provided which `permits the exit of air while preventing the escape of the liquid. The plunger 60 is provided with an internal vbore 94 within the lower` end o whichis shown as fitted, as by screw threads, a valve-seat and valve-guide 95. An inwardly opening valve96 coperates with the valve-seat 95, its stem 97 being guidedtherein, and -being fluted to provide anexit passage for the air.

The valve-stem 97 at its outer end is provided with a head or stop 98 limiting the inward movement of the valve 96, and having air-outlet grooves 120, the valve 96 being normally held in open position by a compression spring 99vcontained within' the bore 94 and acting against the head '98. Ingress of air through the bore 94 and4 valve 96 is prevented by an upwardly opening check-valve shown as a 'ball .100 seated' above a ref duced portion of the bore 94 and held in place by a pin 101? and which'operates to prevent entrance o airv into the cylinder 59 during the up or suction strokes of the plunger (l0. The spring 99 is oi the proper strength so as to at all times hold the valve 96 open when air only is contained within the cylinder 59, but so as Ato permit the valve 96 to close as soon as the valve 96 encounters the increased resistance offered by a liquid. In operation so long mi air only is within the cylinder 59, it will be permitted at each downward stroke oi the plunger (i9 to pass` "freely out through'the open valve 96 and the outwardly opening check valve 100, thelast named valve preventing its return during the suction stroke. In this manner the'air will soon `be exhausted from the cylinder' `59, which will then become iilled with liquid, the resistance ofthis liquid operating to close the valve 96, alter which the pump will continue to work in the same manner as if. the piston (l0 had no central bore or valves, but were of one solid piece. The pump is in this manner rendered self-priming.-

To prevent the compressed air within the reservoir and'in which the power for starting the engine is stored from escaping through the liquid-outlet 5 and reducing the pressure to that ol the atmosphere, which would occur alter all oi the liquid had been used,`means are provided for sealing thereservoir so as to always retain a quantity oi the liquid therein. Such means comprise a valve cage 102 above the mouth 103 of the pressure reservoir 1 and inclosing the valve seat 104, the cage being provided with openings 105 near itsbottom and openings 106 at the top, or the free ingress and egress of air and liquid. A combined valve and {ioat 107 is contained within the cage 102, the valve having a face- 'plate 10s, which may be of Celluloid, for searing upon the valve-seat 104, andthe body of 'the valve being hollow, as shown, to form a fioat.- By this arrangement enough of the liquid is always left'remaining within the reservoir 1 to form a'secure seal against the escape of air. When thel liquid is sufficiently high within the reservoir the float- ,valye -107 i's held up thereby and free egress of the liquid permitted through the openings 105 in the cage 102 and thence through themouth 103 of the reservoir 1, the valve 9, the outletl 5 and`the pipe 2 to the motor. When the liquid is lowin the reservoir, the float valve 107 will no longerbe supported thereby, but will settle down upon the valve-seat 104, preventing any further escape of liquid from the reservoir and thus always retaining a residual or initial pressure of air within the reservoir. Means ior'preventing the escape of the air and the consequent reduction of its initial pressure are all the more necessaiy^because this initial pressure is preferably very high and' should always b'e'suicient to operate the starting motor in the engine startingoperatio'n.

It is evident that occasions may arise when the power stored within the reservoir will have been exhausted without the engine having been started. Such a result might occur, fol1 example, by reason of a defective spark-plug. In case of such an event it Iis important that Asome additional or supplementary means be at hand for starting the engine. For such emergencies a cra-nk l09is provided. The crankv'has a sliding block 110 adjustable to a retracted or projected position within the hubl or boss 111 of the crank, with a screw 112 lor holding it in either position, the drawing showing this block as projected.` The block l110 has la bore-113 for fitting over the end of the engine-shaft 24, and -is pro' vided with a notch A11d for engaging thev p'in 73, and

when the crank is placed with these parts engaged the engine may bestarted directly by cranking in the ordinary manner.' However, if preferred, instead oi cranking the engine directly, the pressure reservoir 1 may be,

manually recharged.' The sleeve l111 ofthe crank` 109 is provid ed with shoulders 115 and when it is desired to recharge the reservoir of the starting device the notched block 110 isadjusted toits retracted position, as indicated by the screw receiving recess 116.' The sleeve' 111 will then pass freely over both the pin 73 and the spring, 72on the shaft 24 and permit the shoulders 115 to' engage with the flattened hub 117 of the cam 67. Vhcn the crank is turned the ratchet-teeth and 71 will permit the cam 67 to rotate and operate the pump Without rotating the sleevel or the shaft 24, thus permittin g the pressure reservoir 1 to be recharged by hand independently. This recharging requires so little ef;-

fort that it maybe done lby a child.

The reservoir 1 may be initially filled 'with compressed air, or the pressure may be Aincreased therein or restored ,to normal high pressure,by pumping or otherwise admitting'compressed air through. the blow-off valve 93.

It is obvious that .various modifications may be made intlieconstruction shown and above particularly described within Athe principle and scope of my invention.

' I claim:

1. In a starter for engines, the combination of a llydruulic motor, means cngageahle only in' one direction of movement Vfor connecting the motor to the engine to start the engine, a source of motive liquid under' pressure connected to the motor, and means for returningthe used motive liquid to its source.

2. ln a starter for engines, the combination of a hydraulic motor, means engageabie only lin one direction` of movement for connecting the motor 'to the engine to start the engine, a source of motive liquid under pressure con'- nccted to .the motor, means for starting and stopping the motor, and means for'4 returningl the used motive liquid. to its source.

-3. In a starter for engines, the comblnatlo'n of ahydraulc motor, means engageable only in one direction of movement for connecting the motor to the engine to start the engine, a source of hydraulic pressure connected to the motor, manually operatable means for controlling` the engine-starting operation 'of the motor, and means automatically. operated by the engine for continuously returning the used motive liquid to its, source vduring the opera'- 'tion of the engine.

4. In a starter for` engines, the combination of a pres- .sure reservoir, a hydraulic motor connectedV to receive motive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine shaft, manually 'operatable means'vfor con. trolling the engine-starting operation .of the. motor, a receiver into which the motor discharges, and means for returning the liquid to the reservoir at a relatively constant and less rate than it is discharged by the motorV sure reservoir, a hydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid' from the` reservoir, means engageable only in one direction of movement for connecting the motor to the engine to start the e'ngine, manually operatable means 'for controlling the engine-starting operation of the motoig'a receiver into which the motor discharges, and a continuously-acting pump for returning the liquid tothe reservoir.

7. In a starter for engines, the combination of a pres `sure reservoir containlnga motive liquid under pressure, 'a hydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid from the reservoir, means engageable only in one direction of movement for connecting the motor to the engine to start -the engine, manually 'operatable means for controlling the engine-starting operation of'ths motor, a receiver for the exhaust liquid from the motor, and a pump operated by a moving part of the engine for returning the liquidto the reservoir.

8.A In a starter for engines, the combination of a pres- -sure reservoir containing Va motive liquid and also containing an elastic iiuid under minimum pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, means for preventing the escape of the elastic fluid, a hydrauliemotor connected to receive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine shaft, manually operatable means for controlling the engine-starting operation of the motor, a receiver for '-theexhaust liquid from the motor, and automatically oper- 'ated means for returning the liquid to the reservoir at a less rate than it ls used by the motor in operation.

9. yln a starter for engines, the combination of a `preS- sure reservoir containing a ,motive liquid and also containing an elastic duid under minimum pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, means for preventing the escape "of the elastic iluid, ahydraulic motor connected vto receive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to theengine shaft, manually operatable means-for controlling the engine-starting operation of thc motor, a receiver for the exhaust liquid from the motor, and a pump -operated by moving part of the engine for returning the liquid to thc reservoir.

10. In a starter for engines, the lcombination of a press sure reset/voir containing av motive liquid under. elastic fluid pressure, a hydraulic motor connected to receivelfiquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine shaft, manually operatable means forcontrolling the engine-starting operation ot' the motor, a receiver for the exhaust liquid .'from. the-motor, a pump operated by a moving part of the engine for returning the liquid to the reser- 11. In a starter for engines, the combination of a pressure reservoir containing a motive liquid"under elastic .iiuld pressure, a hydraulic motor connected to receive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected t`o the engine shaft, manually operatable means for controlling the engine-starting operation' of the motor, a receiver tor s '.the exhaust liquid from the motor,v apump, operated lay-a moving'partof the engine, for returning the liquid t3' the. l

' to' theV engine shaft,'m anually operatable means for conreservoir, and means by which the engineshaft andthe motor are automatically operativelyY disconnected/from 2li). each other when-the engine outspeeds -the motor.

, 12. In' a starter -for engines, the'combination of a pressure reservoir 'containing a'motive liquid under elastic fluid pressure, a' 'hydraulic motor .connected to receive -liquld from the reservoir, means engageable only in one .25. direction .of movement for connecting the motor to the' engine to startthe engine, manually operatable means for controllingthe engine-starting 'operationof the motor,l a receiver for the exhaust liquid from the motor, and a pump operated by a moving part of the engine for returning the 3b' 4liquid to the reservoir.

13; n a starter for engines, thecombinatlon ot a pressure reservoir ,containing a motive liquid under elastic duid pressure, a hydraulic' motor connected to receive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine 35, ahaft, manually operatable means for-controlling the engine-r startin'g operation of the motor, a` receiver for 'the' exhaust liquid fromthe motor, a pump operated by a movingpart oil` the engine for returning the liquid-to theA reservoir, 'means for forcing elastic fluid under pressure into the 4'0' pressure reservoir, and a safety blow-ott .valve for the elastic iiuid` inthe reservoir.

V14. In a starter for engines, vthe combination of a pres- -suie reservoir lcontaining a motive liquid under elastic liiuidv pressure, a hydraulic l motor connected to receive 4:5 l liquid from `the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine shai'anlanually operatable means for controlling the .engine-starting operation ofthe motor, a receiver for thc yexhaust liquid from the motor, a pump operated by: a mov- .,ing part of'the engine for returning the liquid to the` `5'();reservoir, the pump having a liquid outlet connected to the reservoir, and means for introducing elastic fluid into said outlet, whereby the elastic fluid is forced with the liquid' into the pressure reservoir. 15. In a starter for engines, the combination oi a pressure reservoir-containing a motive liquid under'air pressure, a hydraulic motor connected to receive liquid from` the reservoir 'and operatively connected to the engine shaft, manually operatable means for controlling the enginestartng operation of the motor, a receiver for the exhaust 6() liquid from the motor, a pump operated by a moving part of the engine for returningthe liquid to the reservoir, the pump having a liquid outlet connected to the reservoir, an upwardly opening delivery valve in said outlet, an airinlet valve beneathfthe delivery valve, and means, oper- 6 -ated by afmovng part of the pump, for holding the airinlet, valve open during the last portion of the suction stroke of t'neplunger.

16. In a starter for engines, the combination of a pressure re rvolr containing a-motive liquid under elastic fluid pressure, 'd hydraulic motor connected to4 receive liquid'.f1'om the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine' shaft, manually operatable means for controlling the engine-starting.operation of the motor, a receiver for the exhaust iiquid'from the motor, a pump operated by a mov- '15 ing part of the engine for returning the liquid to the reserv'oir, andy means for voiding the punl'p ot air without permitting liquid to escape through said means.

17. In'- a' starter for engines, the combination of a pres- Asure 4reservoir containing a motive liquid under' elastic BDnfiuidi pressure; a hydraulic motor connected to receive liquid from the reservoir 4and operatively connected to the engineshaft, manually operatablc means for controlling the engine-starting operation of the motor, a receiver for the exhaust liquid from the'motor, a pump operated by' a moving lpart of the engine for returning the liquid `to`vthe reservoir, the pump comprising a cylinder and a plunger therein,'the pump having an air escape opening leading from the interior to the exterior ot'the cylinder, a valve permitting the passage ot ain from the cylinder outward through said opening .'nnd preventing such passage' of liquid, and check valve to prevent air from flowing into the cylinder through said opening, .whereby when the pump becomes filled with air the ainwlll be voided withloutfpermitting the escape ot the liquid'. l

18. In a starter for engines,l the combination of a presfsure reservoir, ahydraulic motor connected tol receive motive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected trolling the engine-starting operationf'ot the motor, a receiver into which the motor discharges, and a pump for returning the liquid into the` reservoir, the pump having a ratchet connection with4 the engine shaft, whereby the.

pump may be operated' independentlyot the. operation of the engine.

19. In a starter for engines, the ,combination of a' prc'ssure reservoir, a hydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to'the engine shaft, manually operatable means for con 4"trolling the engine-starting operation of themotpr, n receiver into 'which' the motor discharges, a pump for returning the liquid intoj' theareservoir, the pump .having a ratchet' connectiouwith the4 engine Ishaft, whereby the' pump may beoperated independently of the operation of the engine, and a crank adapted to be severally operatively connected tb', the pump and to the engine.

20In'a starterfor engines, the combination of a pressurer'eservolr containing n motive liquid and an elastic iluid under'a minimum pressure greaterthan atmospheric, a hydraulic. motor connected to receive the liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected to the engine shaft, means for manually controlling the engine starting operation of 'the motor, a receiver for the exhaust liquid vfrom -the motor and automatically operating-means for returning `the motive liquid from the receiver to'the reservoir.

21.`ln a starter for engines, the combination of npressure reservoir containing a motive liquid undcrclastic fluid pressure, a hydraulic, motor connected to receive liquid from the reservoir, n directional clutch connecting the motor to the engine shaft, means for starting und stopping the motor, a receiver fgr the /exhuust liquid from the motor., and a pump, operated by a moving part of the engine, -forreiurning the liquid from the receiver to the reservoir and for forcing elastic fluid into the reservoir. v

22. In a starter for 'englnc-is, the 'combination oi? u pressure reservoir containing a liquid and an elastic `lluld uni der minimum pressurenbove atmospheric, a hydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid from the reservoir, a directional clutch for connecting the motor und the` engine shaft, a receiver for the exhaust. liquid from the motor, a pump, operated by a moving part of the engine, for returning the liquid from the receiver to the rcservoir, and means for maintaining the elastic iluid ln the reservoir within substantially constant` limits of pros- `sure above atmospheric pressure at the minimum und sufiiclent for the engine starting operation. l

23. In a starter for engines, the combination of a pressure reservoir containing a liquid and an elastic fluid uuder minimum pressure above atmospheric, the reservoir having an outlet for the liquid, .means for preventing thu elastic fluid from escaping through tbc liquid-optlcl, u

hydraulic 'motor connected lo, receive motive liquid from the liquid-outletlol'-1c reservoir, a directional clutch fol' connecting the motor and the engine shaft'. u receiver for the exhaust liquid from the motor. u. pump, operated by u moving'fpart of the engine, for returning the liquid from the receiver to the reservoir, means. for maintaining the elastic fiuidiu the reservoir within substuntinliy ,constant-.limits ofprcssurea means for automatically los ' 867,796" priming thevpump with=liqui d,andjmeans for operatingA l an`elastic1iuid'under minimum 'pressure suiilciently above the jpumpindependently ofl the operation of -th'e ii'g'ii'e"v atmospheric pressure forthe englnestartlng operation, a' ,v shaft.' 1i l 4 lhydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid from 45" J 24h An' engine Stal-fer comprismg him-aune pweb the reservoir and operatively'connected to the engine to ,storingdevi`ce' means for connecting the povverstorlng .Stil-Tf the'lengne; means. t01' lehll'nfllg the. used mOfYe device withfan engine to start the engine, and means con-` vliquid t0 the leslvoil'fnd means for Preventing the Pres.

tlnuously operated by the engine to store power in the sur@ of the emotie uuid lffou being roducod below the f'. 'power-storing device at a less rate-than power isy used in l minimume i l v Y 5 0 st fftmgJhe engine 2i). In an engine starter, the combination ofapressnre A In a starter for engines, the combination of a presv reservoir containing u motivo uquiu and also containing snre'reservolr, a hydraulic motor connected togreceive nuolaotio uuid under mulmum Pressure abolie amos; lmotive liquid' from thei'reservolr fand operatively con-l phone mes'Surefa hydraulic motor conneotou to Focfuve' 'f neta .to the engine. sh'aft manually operatable means motive liquid from the reservoir and operatively connected k55 for controlling theengine-starting operation of tlie motor,y to tho ougme. to Sturt the engine .und means assuring the -a receiver imo whichk he mehr discha'rgesy'an-.d Vmeas for y 'retention of a liquid seal within the reservoir to prevent automatically ,takingy l exhaust liquid from the. lreceiver ftuoosoupoof tuo emotie@ uuid therefrom' y Y ata less rate than 'it i discharged therelnto by the motor .30- Au oog-ue surter oomprioing urosorvou oououiufug during an engine startingoperation and' returning the uuuu underlpl'essu're means. fol-"using the liquid to @tart-i60 liquid .into the pressre reservir. l Y' i "the engine, and means.-continnoneilr' operated by the engine'l 2O 26. In a starter for engines, the combination of a pres- 'lfor rotuuiug the sodi liquid. ,to the resorvouot u' lo sure reservoir 'containing a- 'motive liquid `and also confoto *uuu ouch uuuiu. iououri'u'smruiug the ougiuo' taining an' elastic fluidi-under minimum pressure -greater f In ustarte? fol-tg'imuv ou? combina-muoia Pros? l than Vatmospheric pressure, means for preventin 'tiie4 '-"r'oure reseFvo-irlontgimgg 'mail-uuid" @man elastico-'amd cape vof the elastic ii'uid, a hydraulic-motor,conieted-"to uudol' Puimumu'pl'essu'o above* atmospheric "Prousuoi jreceive liquid from .tlie'reservoir and operatively con` hyurouh-o motor connected tovreoeive moti *liquidi @omi 'nected to the engine shaft, manually operatable means for ,n tuo rosorvoufjfa uuoctlouol olutou .fo-1' vofmuootulgl the* controlling the-engine-starting operation 'of the motor, a moto? 'and tuo ougiuo una, u receiver .foutue exhaust 'receiver for the exhaust liquid for the motofand means, luqui-d from tholuotol" apump operated by a moving Part' for automatically taking the exhaust liquid fro'nthe re- 'of tuolongue for returning tue uuid from the receweirto cciver at a less rate than it is discharged thereinto by .thoreselY-ou" molino-for fol-'omg elaoticluuiu under pros' the ni'otor during an engine starting operation and return- Sure 'into tho pressure' reservoir moausfouproventiug the* ing the quid into the pressure rservoi pressure in "tuent-esente reservoir' from risingabove .a

27. In an engine starter, the combination of a pressure Pi'ouotolmoou .mu i-mum 'uuu means fo? prevonung *Puo 7.5 .reservoir containing a motive liquid land also containingl 4u'ooouw in tuo P usure reservoir from boing reduced tot an elastic iiuid under minimum pressure ysuiilcientlv'above' *that of. the atmo-opuorol atmospheric pressure for the engine starting operation, 'a I I testimony whereof I'have oaukod my signature' in hydraulic motor connected to receive motive liquid from ,Drououoo of twolvitnossoon the reservoir .and operatively-connected to the engine to CLYDE i (IOLEHIIANB4 start the engine, and means for preventing the pressure 40 of the elastic fluid from being reduced below the minimum. Witnesses: 28. 'In' an engine starter, the combination of a pressure WM.l A; KELLY,l

ALBERT V. T. DAY.

vreservoir containing a motive' liquid and also containing 

